Menambahkan Efek Kepala Terombang-ambing ke Kamera di Unity

Efek Head bobbing banyak digunakan dalam game First-Person Shooter dan memainkan peran penting dalam meningkatkan pengalaman pemain.

Dalam tutorial ini, saya akan menunjukkan cara membuat efek head-bobbing di Unity.

Langkah 1: Siapkan Pengontrol Pemutar

Pertama, kita perlu membuat pengontrol pemutar:

• Buat Objek Game baru (Objek Game -> Buat Kosong) dan beri nama "Player"
• Buat Kapsul baru (Objek Game -> Objek 3D -> Kapsul) dan pindahkan ke dalam Objek "Player"
• Lepaskan komponen Capsule Collider dari Capsule dan ubah posisinya menjadi (0, 1, 0)
• Pindahkan Kamera Utama ke dalam Objek "Player" dan ubah posisinya menjadi (0, 1.64, 0)
• Buat skrip baru, beri nama "SC_CharacterController" dan tempel kode di bawah ini di dalamnya:

SC_CharacterController.cs

using UnityEngine;

[RequireComponent(typeof(CharacterController))]

public class SC_CharacterController : MonoBehaviour
{
    public float speed = 7.5f;
    public float jumpSpeed = 8.0f;
    public float gravity = 20.0f;
    public Camera playerCamera;
    public float lookSpeed = 2.0f;
    public float lookXLimit = 45.0f;

    CharacterController characterController;
    [HideInInspector]
    public Vector3 moveDirection = Vector3.zero;
    Vector2 rotation = Vector2.zero;

    [HideInInspector]
    public bool canMove = true;

    void Start()
    {
        characterController = GetComponent<CharacterController>();
        rotation.y = transform.eulerAngles.y;
    }

    void Update()
    {
        if (characterController.isGrounded)
        {
            // We are grounded, so recalculate move direction based on axes
            Vector3 forward = transform.TransformDirection(Vector3.forward);
            Vector3 right = transform.TransformDirection(Vector3.right);
            float curSpeedX = canMove ? speed * Input.GetAxis("Vertical") : 0;
            float curSpeedY = canMove ? speed * Input.GetAxis("Horizontal") : 0;
            moveDirection = (forward * curSpeedX) + (right * curSpeedY);

            if (Input.GetButton("Jump") && canMove)
            {
                moveDirection.y = jumpSpeed;
            }
        }

        // Apply gravity. Gravity is multiplied by deltaTime twice (once here, and once below
        // when the moveDirection is multiplied by deltaTime). This is because gravity should be applied
        // as an acceleration (ms^-2)
        moveDirection.y -= gravity * Time.deltaTime;

        // Move the controller
        characterController.Move(moveDirection * Time.deltaTime);

        // Player and Camera rotation
        if (canMove)
        {
            rotation.y += Input.GetAxis("Mouse X") * lookSpeed;
            rotation.x += -Input.GetAxis("Mouse Y") * lookSpeed;
            rotation.x = Mathf.Clamp(rotation.x, -lookXLimit, lookXLimit);
            playerCamera.transform.localRotation = Quaternion.Euler(rotation.x, 0, 0);
            transform.eulerAngles = new Vector2(0, rotation.y);
        }
    }
}

• Lampirkan skrip SC_CharacterController ke Objek "Player" (Anda akan melihat bahwa ia juga menambahkan komponen lain yang disebut Pengontrol Karakter. Ubah nilai tengahnya menjadi (0, 1, 0))
• Tetapkan Kamera Utama ke variabel Kamera Pemain di SC_CharacterController

Pengontrol Player sekarang siap:

Langkah 2: Tambahkan Efek Kepala Bobbing

Efek Head Bobbing dilakukan dengan bantuan script dan bekerja dengan menggerakkan Kamera ke Atas dan ke Bawah saat pemain bergerak.

• Buat skrip baru, beri nama SC_HeadBobber, dan tempelkan kode di bawah ini ke dalamnya:

SC_HeadBobber.cs

using UnityEngine;

public class SC_HeadBobber : MonoBehaviour
{
    public float walkingBobbingSpeed = 14f;
    public float bobbingAmount = 0.05f;
    public SC_CharacterController controller;

    float defaultPosY = 0;
    float timer = 0;

    // Start is called before the first frame update
    void Start()
    {
        defaultPosY = transform.localPosition.y;
    }

    // Update is called once per frame
    void Update()
    {
        if(Mathf.Abs(controller.moveDirection.x) > 0.1f || Mathf.Abs(controller.moveDirection.z) > 0.1f)
        {
            //Player is moving
            timer += Time.deltaTime * walkingBobbingSpeed;
            transform.localPosition = new Vector3(transform.localPosition.x, defaultPosY + Mathf.Sin(timer) * bobbingAmount, transform.localPosition.z);
        }
        else
        {
            //Idle
            timer = 0;
            transform.localPosition = new Vector3(transform.localPosition.x, Mathf.Lerp(transform.localPosition.y, defaultPosY, Time.deltaTime * walkingBobbingSpeed), transform.localPosition.z);
        }
    }
}

• Lampirkan skrip SC_HeadBobber ke Kamera Utama
• Tetapkan skrip SC_CharacterController ke variabel "Controller"

Terakhir, tekan Play untuk mengujinya, Kamera berayun harus diaktifkan pada pergerakan pemain.