Cara Membuat Game Ular di Unity
Dalam postingan ini, saya akan menunjukkan cara membuat Snake Game klasik di Unity.
Unity versi yang digunakan dalam tutorial ini: Unity 2018.3.0f2 (64-bit)
Langkah 1: Buat Skrip
Menjadi "One Script Game" tutorial ini hanya membutuhkan 1 skrip:
SC_SnakeGameGenerator.cs
//You are free to use this script in Free or Commercial projects
//sharpcoderblog.com @2019
using System.Collections.Generic;
using UnityEngine;
public class SC_SnakeGameGenerator : MonoBehaviour
{
//Game area resolution, the higher number means more blocks
public int areaResolution = 22;
//Snake movement speed
public float snakeSpeed = 10f;
//Main Camera
public Camera mainCamera;
//Materials
public Material groundMaterial;
public Material snakeMaterial;
public Material headMaterial;
public Material fruitMaterial;
//Grid system
Renderer[] gameBlocks;
//Snake coordenates
List<int> snakeCoordinates = new List<int>();
enum Direction { Up, Down, Left, Right };
Direction snakeDirection = Direction.Right;
float timeTmp = 0;
//Block where the fruit is placed
int fruitBlockIndex = -1;
//Total accumulated points
int totalPoints = 0;
//Game status
bool gameStarted = false;
bool gameOver = false;
//Camera scaling
Bounds targetBounds;
//Text styling
GUIStyle mainStyle = new GUIStyle();
// Start is called before the first frame update
void Start()
{
//Generate play area
gameBlocks = new Renderer[areaResolution * areaResolution];
for (int x = 0; x < areaResolution; x++)
{
for (int y = 0; y < areaResolution; y++)
{
GameObject quadPrimitive = GameObject.CreatePrimitive(PrimitiveType.Quad);
quadPrimitive.transform.position = new Vector3(x, 0, y);
Destroy(quadPrimitive.GetComponent<Collider>());
quadPrimitive.transform.localEulerAngles = new Vector3(90, 0, 0);
quadPrimitive.transform.SetParent(transform);
gameBlocks[(x * areaResolution) + y] = quadPrimitive.GetComponent<Renderer>();
targetBounds.Encapsulate(gameBlocks[(x * areaResolution) + y].bounds);
}
}
//Scale the MainCamera to fit the game blocks
mainCamera.transform.eulerAngles = new Vector3(90, 0, 0);
mainCamera.orthographic = true;
float screenRatio = (float)Screen.width / (float)Screen.height;
float targetRatio = targetBounds.size.x / targetBounds.size.y;
if (screenRatio >= targetRatio)
{
mainCamera.orthographicSize = targetBounds.size.y / 2;
}
else
{
float differenceInSize = targetRatio / screenRatio;
mainCamera.orthographicSize = targetBounds.size.y / 2 * differenceInSize;
}
mainCamera.transform.position = new Vector3(targetBounds.center.x, targetBounds.center.y + 1, targetBounds.center.z);
//Generate the Snake with 3 blocks
InitializeSnake();
ApplyMaterials();
mainStyle.fontSize = 24;
mainStyle.alignment = TextAnchor.MiddleCenter;
mainStyle.normal.textColor = Color.white;
}
void InitializeSnake()
{
snakeCoordinates.Clear();
int firstlock = Random.Range(0, areaResolution - 1) + (areaResolution * 3);
snakeCoordinates.Add(firstlock);
snakeCoordinates.Add(firstlock - areaResolution);
snakeCoordinates.Add(firstlock - (areaResolution * 2));
gameBlocks[snakeCoordinates[0]].transform.localEulerAngles = new Vector3(90, 90, 0);
fruitBlockIndex = -1;
timeTmp = 1;
snakeDirection = Direction.Right;
totalPoints = 0;
}
// Update is called once per frame
void Update()
{
if (!gameStarted)
{
if (Input.anyKeyDown)
{
gameStarted = true;
}
return;
}
if (gameOver)
{
//Flicker the snake blocks
if (timeTmp < 0.44f)
{
timeTmp += Time.deltaTime;
}
else
{
timeTmp = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < snakeCoordinates.Count; i++)
{
if (gameBlocks[snakeCoordinates[i]].sharedMaterial == groundMaterial)
{
gameBlocks[snakeCoordinates[i]].sharedMaterial = (i == 0 ? headMaterial : snakeMaterial);
}
else
{
gameBlocks[snakeCoordinates[i]].sharedMaterial = groundMaterial;
}
}
}
if (Input.GetKeyDown(KeyCode.Space))
{
InitializeSnake();
ApplyMaterials();
gameOver = false;
gameStarted = false;
}
}
else
{
if (timeTmp < 1)
{
timeTmp += Time.deltaTime * snakeSpeed;
}
else
{
timeTmp = 0;
if (snakeDirection == Direction.Right || snakeDirection == Direction.Left)
{
//Detect if the Snake hit the sides
if (snakeDirection == Direction.Left && snakeCoordinates[0] < areaResolution)
{
gameOver = true;
return;
}
else if (snakeDirection == Direction.Right && snakeCoordinates[0] >= (gameBlocks.Length - areaResolution))
{
gameOver = true;
return;
}
int newCoordinate = snakeCoordinates[0] + (snakeDirection == Direction.Left ? -areaResolution : areaResolution);
//Snake has ran into itself, game over
if (snakeCoordinates.Contains(newCoordinate))
{
gameOver = true;
return;
}
if (newCoordinate < gameBlocks.Length)
{
for (int i = snakeCoordinates.Count - 1; i > 0; i--)
{
snakeCoordinates[i] = snakeCoordinates[i - 1];
}
snakeCoordinates[0] = newCoordinate;
gameBlocks[snakeCoordinates[0]].transform.localEulerAngles = new Vector3(90, (snakeDirection == Direction.Left ? -90 : 90), 0);
}
}
else if (snakeDirection == Direction.Up || snakeDirection == Direction.Down)
{
//Detect if snake hits the top or bottom
if (snakeDirection == Direction.Up && (snakeCoordinates[0] + 1) % areaResolution == 0)
{
gameOver = true;
return;
}
else if (snakeDirection == Direction.Down && (snakeCoordinates[0] + 1) % areaResolution == 1)
{
gameOver = true;
return;
}
int newCoordinate = snakeCoordinates[0] + (snakeDirection == Direction.Down ? -1 : 1);
//Snake has ran into itself, game over
if (snakeCoordinates.Contains(newCoordinate))
{
gameOver = true;
return;
}
if (newCoordinate < gameBlocks.Length)
{
for (int i = snakeCoordinates.Count - 1; i > 0; i--)
{
snakeCoordinates[i] = snakeCoordinates[i - 1];
}
snakeCoordinates[0] = newCoordinate;
gameBlocks[snakeCoordinates[0]].transform.localEulerAngles = new Vector3(90, (snakeDirection == Direction.Down ? 180 : 0), 0);
}
}
ApplyMaterials();
}
if (Input.GetKeyDown(KeyCode.RightArrow))
{
int newCoordinate = snakeCoordinates[0] + areaResolution;
if (!ContainsCoordinate(newCoordinate))
{
snakeDirection = Direction.Right;
}
}
if (Input.GetKeyDown(KeyCode.LeftArrow))
{
int newCoordinate = snakeCoordinates[0] - areaResolution;
if (!ContainsCoordinate(newCoordinate))
{
snakeDirection = Direction.Left;
}
}
if (Input.GetKeyDown(KeyCode.UpArrow))
{
int newCoordinate = snakeCoordinates[0] + 1;
if (!ContainsCoordinate(newCoordinate))
{
snakeDirection = Direction.Up;
}
}
if (Input.GetKeyDown(KeyCode.DownArrow))
{
int newCoordinate = snakeCoordinates[0] - 1;
if (!ContainsCoordinate(newCoordinate))
{
snakeDirection = Direction.Down;
}
}
}
if (fruitBlockIndex < 0)
{
//Place a fruit block
int indexTmp = Random.Range(0, gameBlocks.Length - 1);
//Check if the block is not occupied with a snake block
for (int i = 0; i < snakeCoordinates.Count; i++)
{
if (snakeCoordinates[i] == indexTmp)
{
indexTmp = -1;
break;
}
}
fruitBlockIndex = indexTmp;
}
}
void ApplyMaterials()
{
//Apply Snake material
for (int i = 0; i < gameBlocks.Length; i++)
{
gameBlocks[i].sharedMaterial = groundMaterial;
bool fruitPicked = false;
for (int a = 0; a < snakeCoordinates.Count; a++)
{
if (snakeCoordinates[a] == i)
{
gameBlocks[i].sharedMaterial = (a == 0 ? headMaterial : snakeMaterial);
}
if (snakeCoordinates[a] == fruitBlockIndex)
{
//Pick a fruit
fruitPicked = true;
}
}
if (fruitPicked)
{
fruitBlockIndex = -1;
//Add new block
int snakeBlockRotationY = (int)gameBlocks[snakeCoordinates[snakeCoordinates.Count - 1]].transform.localEulerAngles.y;
//print(snakeBlockRotationY);
if (snakeBlockRotationY == 270)
{
snakeCoordinates.Add(snakeCoordinates[snakeCoordinates.Count - 1] + areaResolution);
}
else if (snakeBlockRotationY == 90)
{
snakeCoordinates.Add(snakeCoordinates[snakeCoordinates.Count - 1] - areaResolution);
}
else if (snakeBlockRotationY == 0)
{
snakeCoordinates.Add(snakeCoordinates[snakeCoordinates.Count - 1] + 1);
}
else if (snakeBlockRotationY == 180)
{
snakeCoordinates.Add(snakeCoordinates[snakeCoordinates.Count - 1] - 1);
}
totalPoints++;
}
if (i == fruitBlockIndex)
{
gameBlocks[i].sharedMaterial = fruitMaterial;
gameBlocks[i].transform.localEulerAngles = new Vector3(90, 0, 0);
}
}
}
bool ContainsCoordinate(int coordinate)
{
for (int i = 0; i < snakeCoordinates.Count; i++)
{
if (snakeCoordinates[i] == coordinate)
{
return true;
}
}
return false;
}
void OnGUI()
{
//Display Player score and other info
if (gameStarted)
{
GUI.Label(new Rect(Screen.width / 2 - 100, 5, 200, 20), totalPoints.ToString(), mainStyle);
}
else
{
GUI.Label(new Rect(Screen.width / 2 - 100, Screen.height / 2 - 10, 200, 20), "Press Any Key to Play\n(Use Arrows to Change Direction)", mainStyle);
}
if (gameOver)
{
GUI.Label(new Rect(Screen.width / 2 - 100, Screen.height / 2 - 20, 200, 40), "Game Over\n(Press 'Space' to Restart)", mainStyle);
}
}
}Skrip di atas membuat kisi-kisi segi empat primitif, lalu mengubah materialnya menjadi salah satu dari empat: material latar belakang, material kepala ular, material tubuh ular, atau material apel. Ini juga secara otomatis menempatkan kamera tepat di atas sistem grid dan mengubah ukuran ortografiknya untuk merangkum batas kolektif semua blok.
Langkah 2: Siapkan Game Ular
Sekarang mari kita setting game Snake menggunakan script di atas:
- Buat Adegan baru
- Ubah resolusi tampilan Game sehingga lebar dan tingginya sama (mis. 600px x 600px)
- Buat GameObject baru (GameObject -> Buat Kosong) dan beri nama "_GameGenerator"
- Lampirkan skrip SC_SnakeGameGenerator.cs ke Objek _GameGenerator
Seperti yang akan Anda lihat, SC_SnakeGameGenerator memiliki beberapa variabel yang perlu ditetapkan:
- Variabel Kamera Utama sudah cukup jelas, tetapkan Kamera Utama default.
- Sekarang untuk materials, buat 4 material (Klik Kanan -> Buat -> Material) dan beri nama masing-masing "ground_material", "snake_material", "head_material" dan "fruit_material":
Untuk ground_material ubah Shadernya menjadi Unlit/Color dan ubah Main Color menjadi hitam:
Untuk 3 Materials lainnya ubah Shader menjadi Unlit/Texture dan tetapkan Textures di bawah ini:
Untuk bahan_ular:
Untuk bahan_kepala:
Untuk bahan_buah:
- Tetapkan materi ke variabel
Sekarang saatnya menekan Mainkan dan uji permainannya:
Semuanya berfungsi seperti yang diharapkan, sekarang Anda memiliki permainan ular yang dapat dimainkan di Unity.