Mengkodekan Sistem Inventaris Sederhana Dengan UI Drag and Drop di Unity
Banyak game yang memungkinkan pemainnya mengumpulkan dan membawa sejumlah besar item (misalnya game RTS/MOBA/RPG, game Action Role-playing, dll.), di situlah Inventaris berperan.
Inventaris adalah tabel elemen yang menyediakan akses cepat ke item pemain dan cara sederhana untuk mengaturnya.
Dalam postingan ini, kita akan mempelajari cara memprogram Sistem Inventaris sederhana dengan Pengambilan Item dan Tarik & Lepas UI di Unity.
Langkah 1: Buat Skrip
Tutorial ini membutuhkan 3 skrip:
SC_CharacterController.cs
//You are free to use this script in Free or Commercial projects
//sharpcoderblog.com @2019
using UnityEngine;
[RequireComponent(typeof(CharacterController))]
public class SC_CharacterController : MonoBehaviour
{
public float speed = 7.5f;
public float jumpSpeed = 8.0f;
public float gravity = 20.0f;
public Camera playerCamera;
public float lookSpeed = 2.0f;
public float lookXLimit = 60.0f;
CharacterController characterController;
Vector3 moveDirection = Vector3.zero;
Vector2 rotation = Vector2.zero;
[HideInInspector]
public bool canMove = true;
void Start()
{
characterController = GetComponent<CharacterController>();
rotation.y = transform.eulerAngles.y;
}
void Update()
{
if (characterController.isGrounded)
{
// We are grounded, so recalculate move direction based on axes
Vector3 forward = transform.TransformDirection(Vector3.forward);
Vector3 right = transform.TransformDirection(Vector3.right);
float curSpeedX = speed * Input.GetAxis("Vertical");
float curSpeedY = speed * Input.GetAxis("Horizontal");
moveDirection = (forward * curSpeedX) + (right * curSpeedY);
if (Input.GetButton("Jump"))
{
moveDirection.y = jumpSpeed;
}
}
// Apply gravity. Gravity is multiplied by deltaTime twice (once here, and once below
// when the moveDirection is multiplied by deltaTime). This is because gravity should be applied
// as an acceleration (ms^-2)
moveDirection.y -= gravity * Time.deltaTime;
// Move the controller
characterController.Move(moveDirection * Time.deltaTime);
// Player and Camera rotation
if (canMove)
{
rotation.y += Input.GetAxis("Mouse X") * lookSpeed;
rotation.x += -Input.GetAxis("Mouse Y") * lookSpeed;
rotation.x = Mathf.Clamp(rotation.x, -lookXLimit, lookXLimit);
playerCamera.transform.localRotation = Quaternion.Euler(rotation.x, 0, 0);
transform.eulerAngles = new Vector2(0, rotation.y);
}
}
}SC_PickItem.cs
//You are free to use this script in Free or Commercial projects
//sharpcoderblog.com @2019
using UnityEngine;
public class SC_PickItem : MonoBehaviour
{
public string itemName = "Some Item"; //Each item must have an unique name
public Texture itemPreview;
void Start()
{
//Change item tag to Respawn to detect when we look at it
gameObject.tag = "Respawn";
}
public void PickItem()
{
Destroy(gameObject);
}
}SC_InventorySystem.cs
//You are free to use this script in Free or Commercial projects
//sharpcoderblog.com @2019
using UnityEngine;
public class SC_InventorySystem : MonoBehaviour
{
public Texture crosshairTexture;
public SC_CharacterController playerController;
public SC_PickItem[] availableItems; //List with Prefabs of all the available items
//Available items slots
int[] itemSlots = new int[12];
bool showInventory = false;
float windowAnimation = 1;
float animationTimer = 0;
//UI Drag & Drop
int hoveringOverIndex = -1;
int itemIndexToDrag = -1;
Vector2 dragOffset = Vector2.zero;
//Item Pick up
SC_PickItem detectedItem;
int detectedItemIndex;
// Start is called before the first frame update
void Start()
{
Cursor.visible = false;
Cursor.lockState = CursorLockMode.Locked;
//Initialize Item Slots
for (int i = 0; i < itemSlots.Length; i++)
{
itemSlots[i] = -1;
}
}
// Update is called once per frame
void Update()
{
//Show/Hide inventory
if (Input.GetKeyDown(KeyCode.Tab))
{
showInventory = !showInventory;
animationTimer = 0;
if (showInventory)
{
Cursor.visible = true;
Cursor.lockState = CursorLockMode.None;
}
else
{
Cursor.visible = false;
Cursor.lockState = CursorLockMode.Locked;
}
}
if (animationTimer < 1)
{
animationTimer += Time.deltaTime;
}
if (showInventory)
{
windowAnimation = Mathf.Lerp(windowAnimation, 0, animationTimer);
playerController.canMove = false;
}
else
{
windowAnimation = Mathf.Lerp(windowAnimation, 1f, animationTimer);
playerController.canMove = true;
}
//Begin item drag
if (Input.GetMouseButtonDown(0) && hoveringOverIndex > -1 && itemSlots[hoveringOverIndex] > -1)
{
itemIndexToDrag = hoveringOverIndex;
}
//Release dragged item
if (Input.GetMouseButtonUp(0) && itemIndexToDrag > -1)
{
if (hoveringOverIndex < 0)
{
//Drop the item outside
Instantiate(availableItems[itemSlots[itemIndexToDrag]], playerController.playerCamera.transform.position + (playerController.playerCamera.transform.forward), Quaternion.identity);
itemSlots[itemIndexToDrag] = -1;
}
else
{
//Switch items between the selected slot and the one we are hovering on
int itemIndexTmp = itemSlots[itemIndexToDrag];
itemSlots[itemIndexToDrag] = itemSlots[hoveringOverIndex];
itemSlots[hoveringOverIndex] = itemIndexTmp;
}
itemIndexToDrag = -1;
}
//Item pick up
if (detectedItem && detectedItemIndex > -1)
{
if (Input.GetKeyDown(KeyCode.F))
{
//Add the item to inventory
int slotToAddTo = -1;
for (int i = 0; i < itemSlots.Length; i++)
{
if (itemSlots[i] == -1)
{
slotToAddTo = i;
break;
}
}
if (slotToAddTo > -1)
{
itemSlots[slotToAddTo] = detectedItemIndex;
detectedItem.PickItem();
}
}
}
}
void FixedUpdate()
{
//Detect if the Player is looking at any item
RaycastHit hit;
Ray ray = playerController.playerCamera.ViewportPointToRay(new Vector3(0.5F, 0.5F, 0));
if (Physics.Raycast(ray, out hit, 2.5f))
{
Transform objectHit = hit.transform;
if (objectHit.CompareTag("Respawn"))
{
if ((detectedItem == null || detectedItem.transform != objectHit) && objectHit.GetComponent<SC_PickItem>() != null)
{
SC_PickItem itemTmp = objectHit.GetComponent<SC_PickItem>();
//Check if item is in availableItemsList
for (int i = 0; i < availableItems.Length; i++)
{
if (availableItems[i].itemName == itemTmp.itemName)
{
detectedItem = itemTmp;
detectedItemIndex = i;
}
}
}
}
else
{
detectedItem = null;
}
}
else
{
detectedItem = null;
}
}
void OnGUI()
{
//Inventory UI
GUI.Label(new Rect(5, 5, 200, 25), "Press 'Tab' to open Inventory");
//Inventory window
if (windowAnimation < 1)
{
GUILayout.BeginArea(new Rect(10 - (430 * windowAnimation), Screen.height / 2 - 200, 302, 430), GUI.skin.GetStyle("box"));
GUILayout.Label("Inventory", GUILayout.Height(25));
GUILayout.BeginVertical();
for (int i = 0; i < itemSlots.Length; i += 3)
{
GUILayout.BeginHorizontal();
//Display 3 items in a row
for (int a = 0; a < 3; a++)
{
if (i + a < itemSlots.Length)
{
if (itemIndexToDrag == i + a || (itemIndexToDrag > -1 && hoveringOverIndex == i + a))
{
GUI.enabled = false;
}
if (itemSlots[i + a] > -1)
{
if (availableItems[itemSlots[i + a]].itemPreview)
{
GUILayout.Box(availableItems[itemSlots[i + a]].itemPreview, GUILayout.Width(95), GUILayout.Height(95));
}
else
{
GUILayout.Box(availableItems[itemSlots[i + a]].itemName, GUILayout.Width(95), GUILayout.Height(95));
}
}
else
{
//Empty slot
GUILayout.Box("", GUILayout.Width(95), GUILayout.Height(95));
}
//Detect if the mouse cursor is hovering over item
Rect lastRect = GUILayoutUtility.GetLastRect();
Vector2 eventMousePositon = Event.current.mousePosition;
if (Event.current.type == EventType.Repaint && lastRect.Contains(eventMousePositon))
{
hoveringOverIndex = i + a;
if (itemIndexToDrag < 0)
{
dragOffset = new Vector2(lastRect.x - eventMousePositon.x, lastRect.y - eventMousePositon.y);
}
}
GUI.enabled = true;
}
}
GUILayout.EndHorizontal();
}
GUILayout.EndVertical();
if (Event.current.type == EventType.Repaint && !GUILayoutUtility.GetLastRect().Contains(Event.current.mousePosition))
{
hoveringOverIndex = -1;
}
GUILayout.EndArea();
}
//Item dragging
if (itemIndexToDrag > -1)
{
if (availableItems[itemSlots[itemIndexToDrag]].itemPreview)
{
GUI.Box(new Rect(Input.mousePosition.x + dragOffset.x, Screen.height - Input.mousePosition.y + dragOffset.y, 95, 95), availableItems[itemSlots[itemIndexToDrag]].itemPreview);
}
else
{
GUI.Box(new Rect(Input.mousePosition.x + dragOffset.x, Screen.height - Input.mousePosition.y + dragOffset.y, 95, 95), availableItems[itemSlots[itemIndexToDrag]].itemName);
}
}
//Display item name when hovering over it
if (hoveringOverIndex > -1 && itemSlots[hoveringOverIndex] > -1 && itemIndexToDrag < 0)
{
GUI.Box(new Rect(Input.mousePosition.x, Screen.height - Input.mousePosition.y - 30, 100, 25), availableItems[itemSlots[hoveringOverIndex]].itemName);
}
if (!showInventory)
{
//Player crosshair
GUI.color = detectedItem ? Color.green : Color.white;
GUI.DrawTexture(new Rect(Screen.width / 2 - 4, Screen.height / 2 - 4, 8, 8), crosshairTexture);
GUI.color = Color.white;
//Pick up message
if (detectedItem)
{
GUI.color = new Color(0, 0, 0, 0.84f);
GUI.Label(new Rect(Screen.width / 2 - 75 + 1, Screen.height / 2 - 50 + 1, 150, 20), "Press 'F' to pick '" + detectedItem.itemName + "'");
GUI.color = Color.green;
GUI.Label(new Rect(Screen.width / 2 - 75, Screen.height / 2 - 50, 150, 20), "Press 'F' to pick '" + detectedItem.itemName + "'");
}
}
}
}
Langkah 2: Siapkan Pemain dan Sistem Inventaris
Mari kita mulai dengan menyiapkan Player kita:
- Buat GameObject baru dan beri nama "Player"
- Buat Capsule baru (GameObject -> 3D Object -> Capsule) keluarkan komponen Capsule Collider lalu pindahkan Capsule ke dalam Object "Player" dan terakhir ubah posisinya menjadi (0, 1, 0)
- Pindahkan Kamera Utama ke dalam Objek "Player" dan ubah posisinya menjadi (0, 1.64, 0)
- Lampirkan skrip SC_CharacterController ke objek "Player" (secara otomatis akan menambahkan komponen lain yang disebut Pengontrol Karakter, ubah nilai tengahnya menjadi (0, 1, 0))
- Tetapkan Kamera Utama ke variabel "Player Camera" di SC_CharacterController
Sekarang mari kita siapkan item Pengambilan - ini akan menjadi Prefab dari item yang dapat diambil dalam game.
Untuk tutorial ini, saya akan menggunakan bentuk sederhana (Kubus, Silinder, dan Bola) namun Anda dapat menambahkan model yang berbeda, mungkin beberapa partikel, dll.
- Buat GameObject baru dan beri nama "SimpleItem"
- Buat Kubus baru (GameObject -> Objek 3D -> Kubus), turunkan skala menjadi (0.4, 0.4, 0.4) lalu pindahkan ke dalam "SimpleItem" GameObject
- Pilih "SimpleItem" dan tambahkan komponen Rigidbody dan skrip SC_PickItem
Anda akan melihat ada 2 variabel di SC_PickItem:
Nama barang - this should be a unique name.Pratinjau Barang - a Texture that will be displayed in the Inventory UI, preferably you should assign the image that represents the item.
Dalam kasus saya, Nama Item adalah "Cube" dan Pratinjau Item adalah kotak putih:
Ulangi langkah yang sama untuk 2 item lainnya.
Untuk item Silinder:
- Gandakan Objek "SimpleItem" dan beri nama "SimpleItem 2"
- Hapus Child Cube dan buat Cylinder baru (GameObject -> 3D Object -> Cylinder). Pindahkan ke dalam "SimpleItem 2" dan Skalakan ke (0.4, 0.4, 0.4).
- Ubah Nama Item di SC_PickItem menjadi "Cylinder" dan Pratinjau Item menjadi gambar silinder
Untuk Barang Bola:
- Gandakan Objek "SimpleItem" dan beri nama "SimpleItem 3"
- Hapus Cube anak dan buat Sphere baru (GameObject -> 3D Object -> Sphere). Pindahkan ke dalam "SimpleItem 3" dan Skalakan ke (0.4, 0.4, 0.4).
- Ubah Nama Item di SC_PickItem menjadi "Sphere" dan Pratinjau Item menjadi gambar bola
Sekarang Simpan setiap item ke dalam Prefab:
Barang-barangnya sekarang sudah siap.
Langkah terakhir adalah menyiapkan Sistem Inventaris:
- Lampirkan SC_InventorySystem ke Objek "Player"
- Tetapkan variabel Tekstur Crosshair (Anda dapat menggunakan gambar di bawah atau mendapatkan tekstur crosshair berkualitas tinggi dari di sini):
- Tetapkan SC_CharacterController ke variabel "Player Controller" di SC_InventorySystem
- Untuk "Available Items" tetapkan item Prefab yang dibuat sebelumnya (Catatan: Ini harus berupa instance Prefab dari tampilan Proyek dan bukan objek Scene):
Sistem inventaris sudah siap, mari kita uji:
Semuanya berfungsi seperti yang diharapkan!